Dampak dan Tantangan Pembelajaran Coding Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26811/didaktika.v9i3.2033Abstrak
Pembelajaran coding di sekolah dasar semakin penting dalam pengembangan keterampilan siswa abad ke-21, termasuk pemikiran logis, pemecahan masalah, dan kreativitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, menelaah, dan menganalisis beragam dampak dan tantangan penerapan pembelajaran coding bagi siswa sekolah dasar mengacu pada hasil-hasil riset terdahulu. Metode penelitian menggunakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data hasil riset diperoleh dari basis data akademis yaitu Google Scholar, Jurnal terakreditasi SINTA, dan Scopus, yang dipubilkasi antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Analisis data artikel menggunakan metode prisma dengan 5 kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian terdapat 33 artikel yang kemudian dianalisis dan menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran coding disekolah dasar melalui Scratch, Robotic Coding, Unplugged Coding, Code.org, dan Augmented Reality. Dampak pembelajaran coding bagi siswa sekolah dasar meliputi peningkatan kemampuan berpikir komputasional, peningkatan kreativitas, kemampuan sains, perencanaan, peningkatan motivasi belajar, peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis, peningkatan pencapaian akademik, peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan literasi digital. Sementara tantangan yang paling banyak disebutkan adalah siswa kesulitan memahami konsep-konsep dasar pemrograman yang bersifat abstrak, seperti logika, algoritma, dan variabel, keterbatasan pelatihan guru dan infrastruktur, serta kurangnya keterlibatan orang tua. Kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan yang menyeluruh dalam bentuk penyusunan kurikulum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa, pelatihan guru secara berkelanjutan, penyediaan infrastruktur yang memadai, serta pelibatan orang tua dan masyarakat dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran.
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