Implementasi STEM-EDP untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Proyek Konstruksi Jembatan Sederhana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67686/didaktika.v10i2.2259Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan
pembelajaran STEM berbasis Engineering Design Process (STEM-EDP) terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP pada materi gaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experimental dengan model nonequivalent control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri 57 orang siswa yang teridir dari dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen (n = 29 siswa)
yang mendapatkan pembelajaran STEM-EDP dan kelas kontrol (n = 28 siswa) yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan berdasarkan beberapa indikator, yaitu interpretasi, analisis, evaluasi, dan inferensi. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji prasyarat berupa uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, dilanjutkan dengan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t independen serta analisis N-Gain untuk melihat peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran STEM-EDP memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Hasil uji t independen menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol (p < 0,001). Analisis N-Gain juga menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis pada kelas eksperimen berada pada kategori lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol pada setiap indikator yang diukur. Pembelajaran STEM-EDP memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam proses perancangan, pembuatan prototipe, pengujian, evaluasi, serta perbaikan desain sehingga mendorong siswa untuk melakukan analisis, refleksi, dan pengambilan keputusan secara rasional. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran STEM berbasis Engineering Design Process dapat menjadi alternatif strategi pembelajaran yang efektif dalam mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran IPA di tingkat SMP.
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